DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20258

Molar Ratio Comparison of Ti-Zr as Catalyst Support of Bentonite in Esterification Reaction

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50229, Central Java, Indonesia

2Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Banten, Indonesia

3Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Banten, Indonesia

Received: 23 Nov 2024; Revised: 11 Feb 2025; Accepted: 15 Feb 2025; Available online: 20 Feb 2025; Published: 30 Apr 2025.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract

Natural bentonite from Pacitan - Indonesia as a support in the preparation of Ti and Zr-pillared metal catalysts (Ti-Zr/bent) for esterification reaction were studied. The preparation of Ti-Zr/bent catalyst was prepared to find out the effect of molar ratios (Ti:Zr) where an investigation was performed in the esterification of waste cooking oil. The catalyst was varied as follows: 0.5:1 (Ti-Zr-1/bent), 1:1 (Ti-Zr-2/bent), 1.5:1 (Ti-Zr-3/bent), 2:1 (Ti-Zr-4/bent), and 5:1 (Ti-Zr-5/bent) were used to determine the yield. The reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 150°C and a pressure of 40 bar N2 gasses. The result of the Ti-Zr/bent catalyst was given increasing significantly for surface area of 133–147 m²/g compares to bentonite 27 m²/g and 10 times of acidity. The best catalyst was shown in 2:1 of ratio Ti:Zr (molar) on esterification reaction with succesfuly performed about 80.40% of yield. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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Keywords: Bentonite; Esterification; Pillared clay; Sonication; Waste cooking oil

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Section: ISAC-ICCPPE-CONCEPT 2024
Language : EN
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