DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.3.3854.521-528

Preparation of Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt for Conducting-Polymer-Activated Counter Electrode in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using Rapid-Mixing Polymerization at Various Temperature

1Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathemathics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia

2Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No.10, Bandung 40135, Indonesia

33Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, Jl. A.H Nasution No. 105, Bandung 40614, Indonesia

4 Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

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Received: 7 Dec 2018; Revised: 28 Mar 2019; Accepted: 10 Apr 2019; Available online: 30 Sep 2019; Published: 1 Dec 2019.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2019 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.
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Abstract

Polyaniline Emeraldine Salt (PANI ES) as a conductive polymer has been used as a Pt-free counter electrode materials in DSSC. In this study, polymerization temperature was varied at relatively high temperature from 308 to 348 K with respect to the standard low polymerization temperature at 273 K. The synthesis held in varied high-temperature to study the effect of synthesis condition resulted to the performance as counter electrode in DSSC. The effect of high-temperature synthesis condition gives interesting results, the FTIR-ATR spectra show the presence of vibrational modes of phenazine structure obtained at high polymerization temperature, indicate the changing in the chain geometry. Raman Spectroscopy shows the decrease of the I1194/I1623 intensity ratio that can be interpreted that the degree-of-freedom of C-H bond bending mode decreases in the benzenoid ring, while the stretching mode degree-of-freedom along the chain is preserved or increased. The electrical conductivity profile has changed from metal-like at low-temperature into a semiconductor-like profile at high-temperature. Scanning Electron Microscope images reveals that a change in the morphology of PANI ES with temperature. At low-temperature (273 K) the morphology has a globular shape, while at high-temperature it tends to form nanorod structure. DSSC device with highest efficiency is attained for PANI ES polymerized at 273 K (1.91%) due to its high conductivity. The lowest efficiency is observed in device using PANI ES synthesized at 328 K (1.15%) due to its low conductivity due to the formation of phenazine structure. 

Keywords: counter electrode; DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell); high temperature polymerization; phenazine formation; polyaniline emeraldine salt (PANI ES)
Funding: Penelitian Dasar Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi (PDUPT) Research Grant

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
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