DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20444

Enhancing Monomeric Sugar Production from Coconut Husk by FeCl3-assisted Hydrothermal Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

2Departement of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Surabaya (UBAYA), Jalan Raya Kalirungkut (Tenggilis), Surabaya 60293, Indonesia

Received: 16 Jul 2025; Revised: 16 Aug 2025; Accepted: 18 Aug 2025; Available online: 2 Sep 2025; Published: 31 Oct 2025.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH), an abundant agricultural byproduct of the coconut processing industry, holds significant potential as a renewable feedstock for monomeric sugar production. However, efficient fractionation remains a challenge due to its recalcitrant lignocellulosic structure. This study investigates FeCl₃-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) as a selective and scalable approach to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and sugar recovery. The effects of FeCl₃ concentrations, temperatures, and unified of pretreatment conditions as combined hydrolysis factor (CHF) on biomass fractionation, modeling xylan dissolution, and monomeric sugar production were evaluated. Results indicate that 0.06 M FeCl₃ at 150 °C achieved the highest total monomeric sugar concentration of 7.364 g/L, an 11-fold increase compared to the non-catalyzed control (0.667 g/L) during HTP. This condition also facilitated 81.2% hemicellulose removal while minimizing cellulose and lignin degradation, thereby improving enzymatic digestibility. Furthermore, xylan hydrolysis also successfully developed with high correlation with unified CHF parameter. FeCl₃-assisted HTP CCH coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis further enhanced overall sugar recovery, with a total monomeric sugar yield of 18.4 g per 100 g raw CCH, representing a 4.4-fold increase compared to hydrothermally pretreated CCH without FeCl₃. These findings highlight FeCl₃-assisted HTP as a promising, cost-effective strategy for biomass fractionation, supporting its integration into lignocellulosic biorefineries for bio-based product development. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Keywords: Coconut husk; FeCl3; monomeric sugar; hydrothermal; enzymatic hydrolysis
Funding: Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi under contract PMDSU

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
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