DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.8.1.4055.1-13

Short Review: Mitigation of Current Environmental Concerns from Methanol Synthesis

1Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States

2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lampung, Soemantri Brojonegoro, Rajabasa, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Indonesia

3Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan Tung Road, Chung Li, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan

Received: 10 Oct 2012; Revised: 7 Feb 2012; Accepted: 10 Feb 2013; Available online: 18 Jun 2013; Published: 30 Jun 2013.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Fulltext View|Download

Citation Format:
Cover Image
Abstract
Methanol has become a widely used and globally distributed product. Methanol is very important due to the current depletion of fossil fuels. Industrially, methanol produced from the catalytic reaction of synthetic gas composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Methanol production has brought great attention due to carbon dioxide as the main source of greenhouse gas emissions. Combined of reducing CO2 emissions and supplying an alternative fuel source has created the idea of a carbon neutral cycle called “the methanol economy”. The best catalyst for the methanol economy would show a high CO2 conversion and high selectivity for methanol production. This paper investigates research focused on catalyst development for efficient methanol synthesis from hydrogenation of carbon dioxide through added various supports and additives such as silica, zirconium, and palladium. Catalysts that displayed the highest activity included a zirconia and silicon-titanium oxide promoted Cu/Zn/Al2O3 catalyst. Alternative method of catalyst preparation, include the oxalate-gel, solid-state reaction, co-precipitation and combustion method also investigated.  © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Keywords: Methanol; methanol synthesis; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide hydrogenation; carbon dioxide conversion; methanol selectivity
Funding: National Science Council of Taiwan under contract Taiwan Tech Trek program No NSC 100-2221-E155-037-MY2

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Review Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Activities of Heterogeneous Acid-Base Catalysts for Fragrances Synthesis: A Review Short Review: Mitigation of Current Environmental Concerns from Methanol Synthesis Preparation and Characterization of Acid and Alkaline Treated Kaolin Clay Improved Stabilities of Immobilized Glucoamylase on Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Synthesised using Decane as Swelling Agent Synthesis and Characterization of High Aluminum Zeolite X from Technical Grade Materials Backmatter (Author Guideline, Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form) Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Indexing, and Table of Contents) More recent articles
  1. The Methanol Industry. Methanol Institute. http://www.methanol.org/Methanol-Basics/The-Methanol-Industry.aspx.Retrieved July 26, 2012
  2. Applications Using Methanol. The Chemical Company. http://www.thechemco.com/chemical/methanol. Retrieved July 19, 2012
  3. MTBE in Fuels. Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/mtbe/gas.htm. Retrieved July 19, 2012
  4. Acetic Acid. Technical End Use Information. BP p.l.c, 2001
  5. Uses & Applications: Methylamines. DuPont. http://www.dupont.com/Methylamines/en_US/uses_apps/index.html Retrieved July 19, 2012
  6. Milliken, J.; Nowak, A.R.; Piotr, Z. (2001). Technical Advances Improve the Potential for a Fuel Cell Which Eliminates the Need to Store or Generate Hydrogen. United States Department of Energy, Los Alamos National Laboratory
  7. Dimethyl Terephthalate and Terephthalic Acid. IHS. http://www.ihs.com/products/chemical/ planning/ceh/dimethyl-terephthalate.aspx. Retrieved July 19, 2012
  8. Mol, J.C. (2004) Industrial Applications of Olefin Metathesis. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 213: 39-45
  9. Olah. G, A.; Goepert, A.; Prakash, G.K.S. (2009). Chemical Recycling of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol and Dimethyl Ether: From Greenhouse Gas to Renewable, Environmentally Carbon Neutral Fuels and Synthetic Hydrocarbons. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 74(2): 487-498
  10. Methanex. (2011). Methanol Annual Report 2011 Vancouver. BC
  11. Bendorf, A. (2010). World Population Trends Towards 2050 and Beyond. Future Directions International 1-5
  12. Shafiee, S.; Erkan, T. (2009). When Will Fossil Fuel Reserves Be Diminished. Energy Policy 37: 181-189
  13. EPA. (2002). Clean Alternative Fuels: Methanol. United States Environmental Protection Agency
  14. Collins, S.E.; Baltana´s, M.A.; Bonivardi, A.L. (2005). Mechanism of The Decomposition of Adsorbed Methanol Over a Pd/α,β-Ga2O3 Catalyst. Applied Catalysis A: General 295: 126–133
  15. Santiago, M.; Barbera, K.; Ferreira, C.; Ferré, D.C.; Kolb, P.; Ramírez, J.P. (2012). By-product co-Feeding Reveals Insights Into The Role of Zinc on Methanol Synthesis Catalysts, Catalyst Communications 21: 63–67
  16. Robertson, T.; Bill, H. (1998). Guide to Kyoto Protocol. Greenpeace Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol 1-42
  17. International Energy Agency. (2011). CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion: 2011 Highlights. Paris, France
  18. Lee, S. (2007). Methanol Synthesis from Syngas. Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technology. 297-320
  19. Tijm, P.J.A.; Waller, F. J.; Brown, D.M. (2001). Methanol Technology Development for the New Millenium. Applied Catalysis A: General 221: 275-282
  20. Al-Adwani, H, A. (1992). A Kinetic Study of Methanol Synthesis in a Slurry Reactor Using a CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst. National Technical Information Service. 1-123
  21. Chinchen, G.C.; Denny, P.J.; Jennings, J.R.; Spencer, M.S.; Waugh, K.C. (1988). Synthesis of Methanol Part 1. Catalysts and Kinetics. Applied Catalysis : 1-65
  22. Jacob, A.; Moulijn, M. M.; Annelies, V. D. (2001). Chemical Process Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
  23. Spath, P.L.; Dayton, D.C. (2003). Preliminary Screening - Technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas to Fuels and Chemicals with Emphasis on the Potential for Biomass-Derived Syngas. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 53
  24. Chinchen, G.C.; Denny, P. J.; Spencer, M. S.; Whan, D.A. (1987). Mechanism of Methanol Synthesis from CO2/CO/H2 Mixtures Over Copper/Zinc Oxide/Alumina Catalysts: Use of 14C-Labelled Reactants. Applied Catalysis 3: 33-38
  25. Graaf, G.H.; Stamhius, J.; Beenachers, A.A.C.M. (1988). Kinetics of Low Pressure Methanol Synthesis. Chemical Engineering Journal. 43: 3185-3195
  26. Liu, G.; Willcox, D.; Garland, M.; Kung, H.H. (1984). Rate of Methanol Production on a Copper-Zinc Oxide Catalyst: The Dependence on the Feed Composition. Journal of Catalysis. 90: 139-146
  27. Fundamentals of Methanol Synthesis. Supermethanol - the GTM Concept. Supermethanol, http://www.supermethanol.eu/ index.php?id=21. Retrieved July 19, 2012
  28. Trenco, A.G.; Moya, A.V.; Martínez, A. (2012). Study of the interaction between components in hybrid CuZnAl/HZSM-5 catalysts and its impact in the syngas-to-DME reaction. Catalysis Today 179: 43–51
  29. Wang, L.; Yang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Ding, W.; Chen, S.; Fang, W.; Yang, Y. (2010). Promoting effect of an aluminum emulsion on catalytic performance of Cu-based catalysts for methanol synthesis from syngas. Fuel Processing Technology 91: 723–728
  30. Schack, C.J.; McNeil, M.A.; Rinker, R.G. (1989). Methanol Synthesis from Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, and Carbon Dioxide over a Cu/ZnO/A12O3 Catalyst: I. Steady State Kinetics Experiments. Applied Catalysis. 50: 247-263
  31. Wu, J.; Saito, M.; Takeuchi, M.; and Watanabe, T. (2001). The Stability of Cu/ZnO-based Catalysts in Methanol Synthesis from a CO2-rich Feed and from a CO-rich Feed. Applied Catalysis A: General. 218: 235-240
  32. Samei, E.; Majid, T.; Mohsen, B. (2012). Enhancement of Stability and Activity of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts by Colloidal Silica and Metal Oxides Additives for Methanol Synthesis from a CO2-rich Feed. Fuel Processing Technology. 96: 128-133
  33. Twigg, M.V.; and Spencer, M.S. (2001). Deactivation of Supported Copper Metal Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions. Applied Catalysis A: General 212: 161-174
  34. Karelovic, A.; Bargibant, A.; Fernández, C.; Ruiz, P. (2012). Effect of the structural and morphological properties of Cu/ZnO catalysts prepared by citrate method on their activity toward methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 under mild reaction conditions. Catalysis Today 197: 109–118
  35. Leiviska, K.; Mayra, O. (2008). Modelling in Methanol Synthesis. Report A No. 37. University of Oulu, Control Engineering Laboratory
  36. Williams, B, P. (1999). Copper Catalysts. Imperial Chemical Industries PLC (GB), US Patent 5928985
  37. Kakumoto, T. (1995). A Theoretical Study for the CO2 Hydrogenation Mechanism on Cu/ZnO Catalyst. Energy Conversion management 36: 661-664
  38. Nakatsuji, H.; Hu, Z.M. (2000). Mechanism of Methanol Synthesis on Cu(100) and Zn/Cu(100) Surfaces: Comparative Dipped Adcluster Model Study. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 77: 341-349
  39. Bonura, G.; Arena, F.; Mezzatesta, G.; Cannillaa, C.; Spadaroa, L.; Frusteri, F. (2011). Role of the ceria promoter and carrier on the functionality of Cu-based catalysts in the CO2-to-methanol hydrogenation reaction. Catalysis Today 171: 251–256
  40. Zhang, L.; Zhang, L.; Shaoyun, C. (2012). Effects of Promoter SiO­2, TiO2 or SiO2-TiO2 on the Performance of CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation. Applied Catalysis A: General 415-416: 118-123
  41. Yang, C.; Ma, Z.; Ning, Z.; Wei, W.; Hu T.; Yuhan, S. (2006). Methanol Synthesis from CO2-rich Syngas over a ZrO2 Doped CuZnO Catalyst. Catalysis Today 115: 222-227
  42. Fujitani, T.; Masahiro, S.; Yuki, K.; Taiki, W.; Junji, N.; and Toshio, U. (1995). Development of an Active Ga2O3 Supported Palladium Catalyst for the Synthesis of Methanol from Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen. Applied Catalysis A: General 125: 199-202
  43. Zhuang H.D.; Bai, S.F.; Liu X.M.; Yan Z.F. (2010). Structure and Performance of Cu/ZrO2 Catalyst for the Synthesis of Methanol from CO2 Hydrogenation. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 38(4): 462-467
  44. Zhang, Y.; Fei, J.; Yu, Y.; Zheng, X. (2006). Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation over Cu Based Catalyst Supported on Zirconia Modified Gamma-Al2O3. Energy Conversion and Management 47: 3360-3367
  45. Wu, H.S.; Lesmana, D. (2012). Short Review: Cu Catalyst for Autothermal Reforming Methanol for Hydrogen Production. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis 7(1): 27-42
  46. Burch, R.; Golunski, S.E.; Spencer, M.S. (1990). The Role of Copper and Zinc Oxide in Methanol Synthesis Catalysts. Journal of Chemical Society Faraday Transactions 86: 2683-2691
  47. Choi, Y.; Futagami, K.; Fujitani, T.; Nakamura, J. (2001). The Role of ZnO in Cu/ZnO Methanol Synthesis Catalysts - Morphology Effect or Active Site Model?. Applied Catalysis A: General 208: 163-167
  48. Fujitani, T.; Nakamura, J. (2000). The Chemical Modification Seen in the Cu/ZnO Methanol Synthesis Catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General 191: 111-129
  49. Gao, P.; Li, F.; Xiao, F.; Zhao, N.; Wei, W.; Zhong, L.; Sun, Y. (2012). Effect of hydrotalcite-containing precursors on the performance of Cu/Zn/Al/Zr catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation: Introduction of Cu2+ at different formation stages of precursors. Catalysis Today 194: 9–15
  50. Arena, F.; Italiano, G.; Katia, B.; Silvia, B.; Giueseppe, B.; Lorenzo, S.; and Francesco, F. (2008). Solid-state Interactions, Adsorption Sites and Functionality of Cu-ZnO/ZrO2 Catalysts in the CO2 Hydrogenation to CH3OH. Applied Catalysis A: General 350: 16-23
  51. Liu, X.M.; Lu, G.Q.; Yan, Z.F. (2005). Nanocrystalline Zirconia as Catalyst Support in Methanol Synthesis. Applied Catalysis A: General 279: 241-245
  52. Liang, X.L.; Dong, X.; Lin, G.D.; Zhang, H.B. (2009). Carbon Nanotube-Supported Pd–ZnO Catalyst for Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 88: 315–322
  53. Koizumia, N.; Jiang, X.; Kugai, J.; Song, C. (2012). Effects of mesoporous silica supports and alkaline promoters on activity of Pd catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation for methanol synthesis. Catalysis Today 194: 16–24
  54. Chiavassa, D,L.; Collins, S,E.; Bonivardi, A,L.; Baltanás, M,A. (2008). Methanol synthesis from CO2/H2 using Ga2O3–Pd/silica catalysts: Impact of reaction products. Catalysis Today 133–135: 780–786
  55. Sahibzada, M.; Chadwick, D.; Metcalfe, I.S. (1996). Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol over Palladium-promoted Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts. Catalysis Today 29: 367-372
  56. Cabrera, I.M.; Granados, M.L.; Terreros, P.; Fierro, J.L.G. (1998). CO2 Hydrogenation over Pd-modified Methanol Synthesis Catalysts. Catalysis Today 45: 251-256
  57. Collins, S.E.; Delgado, J.J.; Mira, C.; Calvino, J.J.; Bernal, S.; Chiavassa, D.L.; Baltanás, M.A.; Bonivardi, A.L. (2012). The role of Pd–Ga bimetallic particles in the bifunctional mechanism of selective methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation on a Pd/Ga2O3 catalyst. Journal of Catalysis 292: 90–98
  58. Chiavassa, D,L.; Collins, S,E.; Bonivardi, A,L.; Baltanás, M,A. (2009). Methanol synthesis from CO2/H2 using Ga2O3–Pd/silica catalysts: Kinetic modeling. Chemical Engineering Journal 150: 204–212
  59. Wu, J.; Luo, S.; Toyir, J.; Masahiro, S.; Masasmi, T.; Taiki, W. (1998). Optimization of Preparation Conditions and Improvement of Stability of Cu/ZnO-based Multicomponent Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 and H2. Catalysis Today 45: 215-220
  60. Jingfa, D.; Sun, Q.; Yulong, Z.; Songying, C.; Dong, W. (1996). A Novel Process for Preparation of a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Ultrafine Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 + H2 : Comparison of Various Preparation Methods. Applied Catalysis A: General 139: 75-85
  61. Ma, Y.; Qi, S.; Wu, D.; Fan,W.H.; Zhang, Y.L.; Deng, J.F. (1998). A Practical Approach for the Preparation of High Activity Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation. Applied Catalysis A: General 171: 45-55
  62. Guo, X.; Mao, D.; Lu, G.; Wang, S.; Wu, G. (2011). CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 Catalysts Prepared via a Route Solid-state Reaction. Catalyst Communications 12: 1095-1098
  63. Ma, Y.; Sun, Q.; Wu, D.; Fao, W.H.; Deng, J.F. (1999). A Gel-oxalate Co-precipitation Process for Preparation of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Ultrafine Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 + H2: (II) Effect of Various Calcination Conditions. Applied Catalysis A: General 177: 177-184
  64. Guo, X.; Mao, D.; Wang, S.; Wu, G.; Lu, G. (2009). Combustion Synthesis of CuO-ZnO-ZrO2 Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol. Catalyst Communications 10: 1661-1664
  65. Guo, X.; Mao, D.; Lu, G.; Wang, S.; Wu, G. (2010) Glycine-nitrate Combustion Synthesis of CuO-ZnO-ZrO2 Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation. Journal of Catalysis 271: 178-185
  66. Jeong, H.; Cho, C.H.; Kim, T.H. (2012). Effect of Zr and PH in the Preparation of Cu/ZnO Catalysts for the Methanol Synthesis of CO2 Hydrogenation. Reaction Kinetic Mechanism Catalyst 106: 435-443

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.