DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20547

Crystal Phase-Dependence of Ru@TiO2 Catalysts on the Product Selectivity in the Aqueous Phase Hydrogenolysis of Furfuryl Alcohol

1Department of Chemistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani Km 36,0 Banjarbaru 70714, Banjarbaru, Indonesia

2Catalysis for Sustainable Energy and Environment (CATSuRe), Inorganic Materials and Catalysis (IMCat) Laboratory, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani Km 36,0 Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia

3School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 SQQ, United Kingdom

4 Research Centre for Quantum Physics, BRIN, KST BJ Habibie, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia

5 Research Centre for Chemistry, BRIN, KST BJ Habibie, Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

6 Research Centre for Catalysis, BRIN, KST BJ Habibie, Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia

7 Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan

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Received: 28 Nov 2025; Revised: 14 Jan 2026; Accepted: 15 Jan 2026; Available online: 17 Jan 2026; Published: 30 Apr 2026.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract

The crystal phase-dependence of ruthenium supported on titania (Ru@TiO2) catalysts on the product selectivity in the aqueous phase hydrogenolysis of furfuryl alcohol (FFalc) was investigated. The supported ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) catalysts on TiO2 with different phases, c.a. rutile (R), anatase (A), and brookite (B) were employed. The Ru@TiO2(R) catalysed the hydrogenation-rearrangement reaction of furan ring to afford cyclopentanone/cyclopentanol (CPO/CPL) as the main product. The presence of high surface acidity in Ru@TiO2(R) catalyst promoted the hydrogenation-rearrangement of furan ring leading to CPO/CPL as the main product as indicated by NH3-TPD and pyridine-ATR-IR results. In contrast, the Ru@TiO2(A) catalyst selectively hydrogenolysed the furan ring to produce 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PeD). This high selectivity of 1,5-PeD over Ru@TiO2(A) catalyst may be affected by the high dispersion of Ru NPs on TiO2 facets as depicted by the high H2-uptake and small particle sizes. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Keywords: TiO2 facets; furfuryl alcohol; hydrogenolysis-rearrangement; CPO/CPL, 1,5-pentanediol
Funding: The Indonesian Endowment Funds for Education (LPDP) under contract BRIN-RIIM2 scheme 79/IV/KS/11/2022 ; DRPTM-Kemendiktisaintek under contract 056/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024 ; Universitas Lambung Mangkurat under contract 1878/UN8.2/PG/2025

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