DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20132

Optimization Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye using Bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO Composite by Response Surface Methodology

1Doctoral Program of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Ogan Ilir 30662, Indonesia

2Research Group on Magnetic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Ogan Ilir 30662, Indonesia

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Ogan Ilir 30662, Indonesia

Received: 19 Feb 2024; Revised: 18 May 2024; Accepted: 21 May 2024; Available online: 11 Jun 2024; Published: 30 Aug 2024.
Editor(s): Dmitry Yu. Murzin
Open Access Copyright (c) 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract

This study aims to synthesize bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites as a catalyst for the photodegradation of Methylene blue dye. Composite characterization involves X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with X-ray Energy Dispersion Spectrometry (EDS), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) employs Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize photodegradation by varying dye concentration, irradiation time, and catalyst dose. The bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites exhibit a saturation magnetization value of 54.82 emu/g and a band gap of 2.1 eV. The optimization revealed that concentration and dose significantly impact the photodegradation efficiency. A quadratic model is suitable for modeling the photodegradation of Methylene blue dye using bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites, as determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal conditions for achieving maximum photodegradation efficiency were identified as a dye concentration of 10 mg/L, an exposure time of 90 min, and a catalyst dose of 1.67 g/L. Under these parameters, the photodegradation process exhibited a remarkable efficiency of 100%. The Bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites exhibited strong stability, efficiency, and recyclability. After six photodegradation cycles, there was a 5.18% decrease in photodegradation efficiency. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Keywords: bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO; photodegradation; Methylene blue dye; quadratic model
Funding: Sriwijaya University under contract Hibah Profesi Program 0187/UN9.3.1/SK/2023

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
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