DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20680

Facile Fabrication of Alginate–BiBDC Composite Beads for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, No. 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Hanh Thong Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

Received: 9 Mar 2026; Revised: 25 Mar 2026; Accepted: 25 Mar 2026; Available online: 30 Mar 2026; Published: 30 Oct 2026.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract

Alginate–BiBDC composite beads were produced using Ca²⁺-mediated ionic crosslinking and assessed for methylene blue (MB) adsorption. FT-IR, XRD, SEM, BET, and TGA validated the effective incorporation of BiBDC and the creation of a porous hybrid network. Among the composites, ALG@BiBDC-2 exhibited the most advantageous textural characteristics (14.16 m².g⁻¹ surface area, 0.0324 cm³.g⁻¹ pore volume, 16.27 nm pore size), attaining 85.33% methylene blue removal within 60 min. Adsorption was significantly influenced by pH, dose, concentration, and temperature. At a pHPZC of 6.76, electrostatic attraction predominates in the uptake of MB. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model and a Langmuir isotherm, indicating chemisorption-driven monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis validated spontaneous and exothermic characteristics. The beads maintained over 60% effectiveness after four cycles, indicating moderate stability and significant promise for treating dye-contaminated wastewater. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Keywords: Alginate; BiBDC; methylene blue; adsorption; wastewater treatment
Funding: Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
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