DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20146

Synthesis and Characterisation of Graphene Oxide Catalysts for Glycerol Acetylation

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jalan Ahmad Yani, Tromol Pos I, Pabelan Kartasura Surakarta 57102, Indonesia

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jalan Ahmad Yani, Tromol Pos 1, Pabelan Kartasura Surakarta 57102, Indonesia

Received: 22 Apr 2024; Revised: 15 Jun 2024; Accepted: 15 Jun 2024; Available online: 8 Jul 2024; Published: 30 Aug 2024.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract

Glycerol in large quantities as a by-product of biodiesel production is a promising feedstock to be converted into more valuable products such as acetin. In this work, acetin converted from glycerol acetylation with acetic acid was performed over graphene oxide as a catalyst in a batch reactor. The study's objective was to evaluate the effect of sodium nitrate amount in the catalyst preparation on the catalyst's characteristics and catalytic performance. The graphene oxide (GO) catalysts were charac­terised by various tests, such as SEM-EDX for their morphology, the nitrogen adsorption capacity using Breneur-Emmet Teller (BET), structural analysis using XRD, functional group us­­ing FTIR, and catalytic activity on glycerol acetylation. The GO1, GO2, and GO3 catalysts were varied based on the NaNO3 amount in the modified Hummer method. The experiments found that the NaNO3 amount in catalyst preparation plays a vital role in GO structure formation. The GO2 catalyst has the highest performance, as indicated by the highest surface area, pore volume, and size. High glycerol conversion (94 %) and selectivity toward the interest products of triacetin (24 %) and diacetin + triacetin (83 %) were reached in 2 h of reaction using three wt.% catalysts, 110 °C reaction temperature, and 1:9 molar ratio of glycerol to acetic acid. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Keywords: Acetylation; Catalytic Activity; Glycerol; Graphene Oxide; MWCNTs
Funding: Ministry of Research and Technology / National Agency for Research and Innovation Indonesia under contract 199.17/A.3-LPPM/V/2019

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
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