Synthesis and Characterization of High Aluminum Zeolite X from Technical Grade Materials

Seyed Kamal Masoudian; Sepehr Sadighi; Ali Abbasi

doi:10.9767/bcrec.8.1.4321.54-60

DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.8.1.4321.54-60

Synthesis and Characterization of High Aluminum Zeolite X from Technical Grade Materials

Seyed Kamal Masoudian, Sepehr Sadighi , Ali Abbasi

Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Catalysis and Nanotechnology Research Division, P.O. Box 14665137, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Received: 7 Jan 2013; Revised: 7 Apr 2013; Accepted: 19 Apr 2013; Available online: 18 Jun 2013; Published: 30 Jun 2013.

Editor(s): Istadi Istadi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Fulltext View|Download

Citation Format:

Abstract

Zeolites are widely used as ion exchangers, adsorbents, separation materials and catalyst due to their well-tailored and highly-reproducible structures; therefore, the synthesis of zeolite from low grade resources can be interested. In the present work, high aluminum zeolite X was prepared from mixing technical grade sodium aluminate and sodium silicate solutions at temperatures between 70°C and 100°C. The synthesized zeolite X was characterized by SEM and X-ray methods according to ASTM standard procedures. The results showed that aging of the synthesis medium at the room temperature considerably increased the selectivity of zeolite X formation. On the other hand, high temperature of reaction mixture during crystallization formed zeolite A in the product; therefore, it decreased the purity of zeolite X. In addition, it was found that increasing H2O/Na2O and decreasing Na2O/SiO2 molar ratios in the reaction mixture resulted product with higher purity. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Keywords: High Aluminum; Zeolite X; Molecular sieve

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Original Research Articles

Language : EN

In 2013: BCREC Volume 8 Issue 1 Year 2013 (June 2013)

Recent articles

Short Review: Mitigation of Current Environmental Concerns from Methanol Synthesis Activities of Heterogeneous Acid-Base Catalysts for Fragrances Synthesis: A Review Preparation and Characterization of Zeolite Membrane for Bioethanol Purification Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alkaline Pretreated Coconut Coir Improved Stabilities of Immobilized Glucoamylase on Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Synthesised using Decane as Swelling Agent Frontmatter (Front Cover, Editorial Team, Indexing, and Table of Contents) Backmatter (Author Guideline, Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form) More recent articles

Wang, C., Zhou, J., Wang, Y., Yang, M., Li, Y. and Meng, C. (2013). Synthesis of zeolite X from low-grade bauxite. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 88: 1350–1357
Barrer, R.M. (2012). Hydrothermal Chemistry of Zeolites, Academic Press
Ciambelli , P., Sannino, D., Naviglio, B., Manna, A.M., Vaiano, V., Calvanese, G., Vietri, G., Gallo, S. (2005). Zeolite-Chrome Tanning: From Laboratory to Pilot Scale. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 155: 189-198
Novembre, D., Sabatino, D., Gimeno, D. (2004). Synthesis of the Na-X Zeolites from Tripolaceous deposits (cortonre Italy) and volcanic zeolitisied rocks (Vico Volcanom Italy). Microporous and Mesoporous Material 75(1-2): 1-11
Romero, M. D., Gomez, J. M., Ovejero, G., Rodriguez, A. (2004). Synthesis of LSX zeolites by microwave heating. Material Research Bulletin 39(3): 389-400
Tanaka, H., Matsumura, S., Hino, R. (2004). Formation process of Na-X zeolites from coal fly ash. Journal of Materials Science 39(5): 1677-1682
Bagherzadeh, M., Zare, M. (2012). Synthesis and characterization of NaY zeolite-encapsulated Mn-hydrazone Schiff base: an efficient and reusable catalyst for oxidation of olefins. Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 65(22): 4054-4066
Cavenanti, S., Grande, C. A., Rodrigues, A. E. (2004). Adsorption equilibrium of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen on zeolite 13X at high pressures. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 49(4): 1095-1101
Bekkum, H.V., Jacobs, P.A., Flanigen, E.M., Jansen, J.C. (2001). Introduction to Zeolite Science and Practice, Elsevier, 2001
Bastani, D., Esmaeili, N., Asadollahi, M. (2013). Polymeric mixed matrix membranes containing zeolites as a filler for gas separation applications: A review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 19: 375–393
Montalvo, S., Guerrero, L., Borja, R., Sánchez, E., Milán, Z., Cortés, I., Rubias, M. A. (2012). Application of natural zeolites in anaerobic digestion processes: A review. Applied Clay Science, 58: 125-133
Park, J., Ahmed Ali, S., Alhooshani, K., Azizi, N., Miyawaki, J., Kim, T., Lee, Y., Kim, H.S., Yoon, S.H., Mochida, I. (2013). Mild hydrocracking of 1-methyl naphthalene (1-MN) over alumina modified zeolite. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 19: 627–632
Cui, Q., Zhou, Y., Wei, Q., Yu, G., Zhu, L. (2013)., Performance of Zr- and P-modified USY-based catalyst in hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil. Fuel Processing Technology 106: 439–446
Hui, K.S., Chao, C.Y.H. (2006). Pure, single phase, high crystalline, chamfered-edge zeolite 4A synthesized from coal fly ash for use as a builder in detergents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 137(1): 401-409
Denny, A.F., Gioffre, A.J., Sherman, J.D. (1978). Sequestering of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in aqueous media using zeolite mixtures. US Patent 4094778
Stucky, G.D., Dwyer, F.G. (Eds.), ACS Symposium Series 218, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 79, 1983
Warzywoda, J., Bac, N., Jr, A.S. (1999). Synthesis of large zeolite X crystals. Journal of Crystal Growth, 204(4): 539–541.
Yan, C.J., Han, L.X., Mei, J., Yu, H.J., Jiang, L., Li, W.W., Xiao, G.Q., Hai, S.J. (2007). Process for producing 4A zeolite molecular sieve by temperature calcinations. CN Patent 101172619-A
Wajima, T., Yoshizuka, K., Hirai, T., Ikegami, Y. (2008). Synthesis of Zeolite X from Waste Sandstone Cake Using Alkali Fusion Method. Materials Transactions 49(3): 612-618
Hiraki, T., Nosaka, A., Okinaka, N., Akiyama, T. (2009). Synthesis of zeolite-x from waste metals. ISIJ International 49(10),:1644-1648
ASTM D3942 – 03, Standard Test Method for Determination of the Unit Cell Dimension of a Faujasite-Type Zeolite, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008
ASTM D5357 – 03, Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite Sodium A by X-ray Diffraction, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008
ASTM Standard E-986-04, Standard Practice for Scanning Electron Microscope Beam Size Characterization, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010
ASTM Standard D1782, Standard Test Methods for Operating Performance of Particulate Cation-Exchange Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA
S. P. Zhdanov and N. N. Samulevich in L.V.C. Rees (Ed.), Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Zeolites, Heyden, London, 1980, 75-84

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Journal Author(s) Rights

In order for Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) and BCREC Publishing Group to publish and disseminate research articles, we need non-exclusive publishing rights (transfered from author(s) to publisher). This is determined by a publishing agreement between the Author(s) and Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) and BCREC Publishing Group. This agreement deals with the transfer or license of the right for publishing to Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) and BCREC Publishing Group, while Authors still retain significant all copy rights to use and share their own published articles. Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) and BCREC Publishing Group supports the need for authors to share, disseminate and maximize the impact of their research and these rights, in any databases.

As a journal Author, you have all copy rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author copy rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors who publishing in BCREC journals have wide copy rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including, but not limited to:

use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institution and presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees;
use for internal training by author's company;
distribution to colleagues for their reseearch use;
use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works;
inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article);
preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article);
voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes,

(but it should follow the open access license of Creative Common CC-by-SA License).

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (the name of the creator and attribution parties (authors detail information), a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made (Publisher indicates the modification of the material (if any) and retain an indication of previous modifications using a CrossMark Policy and information about Erratum-Corrigendum notification).

Authors/Readers/Third Parties can read, print and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g. display in a repository), translate the article, download for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or re-use for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).

Right Transfer Agreement for Publishing (RTAP)

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, non-exclusive right for publishing (publishing right) of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Publisher of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal (Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) and BCREC Publishing Group).

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Right Transfer Agreement for Publishing (RTAP)'. An e-mail will be sent to the Corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Right Transfer Agreement for Publishing' form by online version of this agreement.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia-Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

Remember, even though we ask for a transfer of right for publishing (RTAP), our journal Author(s) still retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly copy rights as mentioned before.

The Right Transfer Agreement for Publishing (RTAP) Form can be downloaded here: [Right Transfer Agreement for Publishing (RTAP) Form BCREC 2025]

The copyright form should be signed electronically and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original e-mail below:

Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Laboratory of Plasma-Catalysis (R3.5), UPT Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp/Whatsapp: +62-81-316426342
E-mail: bcrec[at]live.undip.ac.id ; bcrec[at]che.undip.ac.id

(This policy statements has been updated at 24th January 2024)