DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.9.1.5513.66-73

Modification of Turen Bentonite with AlCl3 for Esterification of Palmitic Acid

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia

3Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Energy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia

Received: 24 Sep 2013; Revised: 31 Dec 2013; Accepted: 6 Jan 2014; Available online: 12 Mar 2014; Published: 30 Apr 2014.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract
Natural Turen bentonite has been modified and applied as catalyst for palmitic acid esterification. Modification of natural Turen bentonite was conducted by cation exchange method using AlCl3 solution. Catalyst characterization was performed on X-ray Fluoroscence, X-ray Diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and infrared spectroscopy techniques. The catalytic activity test in the esterification reaction of palmitic acid with methanol was conducted by bath at 65 °C with a variation of reaction time of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h. Catalytic activity has been observed qualitatively using GC-MS and quantitatively by changes in acid number. The analysis showed the formation of Al3+-bentonite. Observation on the elements has shown that the presence of calcium decreased from 10.2% to 4.17%, with an increase of aluminium content from 9.9% to 13%. Diffraction line at 2θ 5.7379º became 5.6489º, along with changes in d-spacing of 15.3895 Å to 15.6319 Å. The surface area increased from 83.78 m2/g to 91.26 m2/g, while Brönsted acid sites increased from 10.2 µmol/g to 67.5 µmol/g and Lewis acid sites increased from 94.9 µmol/g to 132 µmol/g. Furthermore, Al3+-bentonite has showed as active catalyst in the esterification reaction of palmitic acid with palmitic acid with conversion of 78.78% for 5 h. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Keywords: natural Turen bentonite; Al3+-bentonite; esterification; palmitic acid
Funding: Ministry of Education and Culture, Indonesia

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
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