DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.16.4.11355.752-762

Degradation of Ciprofloxacin by Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles: Optimization of Conditions, Toxicity, and Degradation Pathway

1Pharmacy Study Programme, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Banyuwangi, Jl. Letkol Istiqlah No. 109, East Java 68422, Indonesia

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km. 21, West Java 45363, Indonesia

Received: 9 Jun 2021; Revised: 6 Aug 2021; Accepted: 6 Aug 2021; Available online: 14 Aug 2021; Published: 20 Dec 2021.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract

The popular use of ciprofloxacin is often irrational, so it causes environmental pollution such as resistance. The solution to overcome environmental pollution due to ciprofloxacin is degradation by using TiO2 nanoparticles. TiO2 nanoparticles performance is influenced by environment such as light source, pH solvent, duration of lighting and TiO2 nanoparticles mass. The residual levels determination of ciprofloxacin was carried out by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Toxicity test of ciprofloxacin degradation products with TiO2 nanoparticles used Escherichia coli bacteria. Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) was used to determine the type of ciprofloxacin degradation product with TiO2 nanoparticles. The optimum condition for the ciprofloxacin degradation with TiO2 nanoparticles is lighting for 5 hours by using a white mercury UV lamp and 50 mg TiO2 nanoparticles with pH solvent of 5.5. The toxicity of ciprofloxacin degradation product with TiO2 nanoparticles was low. The smallest degradation product identified with m/z was p-fluoraniline (m/z 111). Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

 

Keywords: Degradation; ciprofloxacin; Titanium Dioxide (TiO2); nanoparticles; degradation; toxicity
Funding: Universitas Padjadjaran

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
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