skip to main content

Preparation of Biofuel from Palm Oil Catalyzed by Ammonium Molybdate in Homogeneous Phase

Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Catalysis Research Division, P.O. Box 14665137, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Received: 3 May 2016; Revised: 1 Oct 2016; Accepted: 18 Oct 2016; Available online: 13 Feb 2017; Published: 30 Apr 2017.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2017 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.
Fulltext View|Download

Citation Format:
486
Abstract

Producing transportation fuels from bio sources was of prime importance due to the strict environmental legislations for producing clean fuels from conventional oil resources. However, the economical impacts of the biofuel production should be considered. In this study, the production of bio-naphtha and biodiesel from palm oil using homogeneous catalyst, i.e. an aqueous phase of ammonium molybdate, was studied. This catalyst was prepared by dissolving sodium molybdate in de-ionized water with hydrochloric acid, and then neutralizing the mixture with ammonium hydroxide. The solution was dried at 90 °C for 24 h to obtain ammonium molybdate. Then, characterization of the catalyst was done by informative techniques, such as XRD and FT-IR. The results showed that the main phase of the synthesized catalyst was molybdate ammonium hydrates (4MoO3.2NH3.H2O), and also bands of Mo–O, Mo–O–Mo, N–H and surface hydroxyl groups were observed in the sample. Moreover, activity test confirms that the bio-naphtha produced from the proposed method has a few aromatic components, and its sulfur content was negligible. Moreover, ash, nitrogen, sulfur and carbon residue were not detected in the produced biodiesel, and its Cetane index was 66.3. Therefore, it was a suitable fuel for diesel engines vehicles. 

Keywords: biodiesel; palm oil; ammonium molybdate; hydrogenation; catalyst

Article Metrics:

  1. Hadiyanto, H., Lestari, S.P., Widayat, W. (2016). Preparation and Characterization of Anadara Granosa Shells and CaCO3 as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11(1): 21-26
  2. Istadi, I., Mabruro, U., Kalimantini, B.A., Buchori, L., Anggoro, D.D. (2016). Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 11(1): 34-39
  3. Fang, D., Hiang, C., Yang, J. (2013). Preparation of Biodiesel from Caster Oil Catalyzed by Novel Basic Ionic Liquid. Energy Technology, 1: 135-138
  4. El-Adawy, M., Ibrahim, A., El-Kassaby, M.M. (2013). An Experimental Evaluation of using Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine. Energy Technology, 1: 726-734
  5. Koh, M.Y., Ghazi, M.T.I. (2011). A Review of Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas L. Oil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15: 2240-2251
  6. Mekhilef, S., Siga, S., Saidur, R. (2011). A Review on Palm Oil Biodiesel as a Source of Renewable Fuel. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15: 1937-1949
  7. Kansedo, J., Lee, K.T., Bhatia, S. (2008). Feasibility of Palm Oil as the Feedstock for Biodiesel Production via Heterogeneous Transesterification. Chemical Engineering Techno-logy, 31(7): 993-999
  8. Vicente, G., Martınez, M., Aracil, J.E. (2004). Integrated Biodiesel Production: A Comparison of Different Homogeneous Catalysts Systems. Bioresource Technology, 92(3): 297-305
  9. Haas, M.J., Michalski, P.J., Runyon, S., Nunez, A., Scott, K.M. (2003). The Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Acid Oil, a Byproduct of Vegetable Oil Refining. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 80: 97-102
  10. He, Q., Xu, Y., Teng, Y., Wang, D. (2008). Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by Whole-Cell Lipase from Rhizopus chinesis. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 29: 41-44
  11. Kouzu, M., Kasuno, T., Tajika, M., Sugimoto, Y., Yamanaka, S., Hidaka, J. (2008). Calcium Oxide as a Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil and its Application for Biodiesel Production. Fuel, 87: 2798-2806
  12. Dos Reis, S.C.M., Lachter, E.R., Nascimento, R.S.V., Rodrigues Júnior, J.A., Reid, M.J. (2005). Transesterification of Brazilian Vegetable Oils with Methanol over Ion-exchange Resins. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 82: 661-665
  13. Feng, Y., He, B., Cao, Y., Li, J., Liu, M., Yan, F., Liang X. (2010). Biodiesel Production using Cation-exchange Resin as Heterogeneous Catalyst. Bioresource Technology, 101: 1518-1521
  14. Narasimharao, K., Brown, D.R., Lee, A.F., Newman, A.D., Siril, P.F., Tavener, S.J., Wilson, K. (2007). Structure-activity Relations in Cs-doped Heteropolyacid Catalysts for Biodiesel Production. Journal of Catalysis, 248: 226-234
  15. Yanfei, H., Xiaoxiang, H., Qing, C., Lingxiao, Z. (2013). Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel by Bronsted-Type Ionic Liquid Acid Catalysts. Chemical Engineering Technology, 36(9):1559-1567
  16. Tamunaidu, P., Bhatia, S. (2007). Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil for the Production of Biofuels: Optimization Studies. Bioresource Technology, 98(18): 3593-3601
  17. Siswanto, D.Y., Salim, G.Y., Wibisono, N., Hindarso, H., Sudaryanto, Y., Ismadji, S. (2008). Gasoline Production from Palm oil via Catalytic Cracking Using MCM-41: Determination of Optimum Condition. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(6): 42-46
  18. Roesyadi, A., Hariprajitno, D., Nurjannah, N., Savitri, S.D. (2013). HZSM-5 Catalyst for Cracking Palm Oil to Gasoline: A Comparative Study with and without Impregnation. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 7(3): 185-190
  19. Twaiq, F., Al-Anbari, I., Nasser, M. (2013). Kinetics of Palm Oil Cracking in Batch Reactor. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 7(1): 9-13
  20. Yang, S.C., Chang, J.R., Lee, M.T., Lin, T.B., Lee, F.B., Hong, C.T., Lee, J.C., (2014). Homogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production, US 8624073
  21. Ahmad, M., Farhana, R., Abdul Raman, A.A., Bhargava, S.K. (2016). Synthesis and Activity Evaluation of Heterometallic Nano Oxides Integrated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Cracking to Produce Biogasoline. Energy Conversion and Management, 119: 352-360
  22. Abbasov, V., Mammadova, T., Aliyevaa, T., Abbasova, M., Movsumova, N., Jushi, A., Lvov, A., Abdullayev, E. (2016). Catalytic Cracking of Vegetable Oils and Vacuum Gasoil with Commercial High Alumina Zeolite and Halloysite Nanotubes for Biofuel Production. Fuel, 181: 55-63
  23. Kadiev, K.M., Mezhidov, V.K., Zarkesh, J., Hashemi, R., Masoudian, S.K., (2009). Process for Hydroconvering of a Heavy Hydrocarbonaceous Feedstock, US 7585406 B2
  24. Arandiyan, H.R., Parvari, M. (2008). Prepararion of La-Mo-V Mixed-oxide Systems and their Application in the Direct Synthesis of Acetic Acid. Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, 17: 213-224
  25. Miao, Y., Lu, G. (2009). Effects of Preparation Procedure in Sol-gel Method on Performance of MoO3/SiO2 Catalyst for Liquid Phase Epoxidation of Propylene with Cumene Hydroperoxide. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 306: 17-22
  26. Masoudian, S.K., Sadighi, S., Tofigh, A. Khodadadi, Z. (2014). Upgrading Extra Heavy Oil Using Technical Grade Sodium Molybdate. Journal of Applied Researches in Chemistry, 7(4): 39-45
  27. Nasikin, M., Susanto, H.B., Hirsaman, M.A., Wijanarko, A. (2009). Biogasoline from Palm Oil by Simultaneous Cracking and Hydrogenation Reaction over Nimo/zeolite Catalyst. World Applied Sciences Journal (Special Issue for Environment), 5: 74-79

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.