DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20143

Enzymatic Transesterification Using Different Immobilized Lipases and its Biodiesel Effect on Gas Emission

1School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia

2Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampung Sekaran, Gunung Pati, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia

3Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 5 Apr 2024; Revised: 28 May 2024; Accepted: 28 May 2024; Available online: 15 Jun 2024; Published: 30 Aug 2024.
Editor(s): Istadi Istadi
Open Access Copyright (c) 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract

Biodiesel, a third-generation bio-fuels, offering several advantages over regular diesel fuel. Waste cooking oil (WCO) emerges as an ideal feedstock due to its availability and easy accessibility. In this work, biodiesel is utilized from two different types of immobilized lipases: Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RMIM) and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). The impact of the molar ratio of oil to methyl acetate (1:3-1:12) was evaluated for both lipases, and the resultant biodiesel was tested in diesel engine. The enzymatic transesterification was carried out in ultrasonic assistance and the results showed that the greatest yield of 81.20% at 45℃, using CALB as a biocatalyst, 1.8% (w/v) lipase and oil to methyl acetate molar ratio of 1:12 within 3 hours. Triacetin, by-product was determined their concentration for each molar ratio and analyzed using FTIR range of 500cm-1 to 4000cm-1, revealing a significant absorption peak at 1238.90cm-1. Biodiesel was blended with commercial diesel fuel in varying quantities of 7, 10, and 20% by volume (B20). The results were compared to Industrial Diesel Fuel 7% (B7) and Commercial Diesel Fuel 10% (B10). NOx and CO2 emission drops as the percentage of diesel/biodiesel blends increases, supporting WCO as a cost-effective biodiesel feedstock with low petrol pollution.

Keywords: Biodiesel; Waste Cooking Oil; Transesterification; Lipases; Biodiesel Blends
Funding: Universiti Teknologi MARA under contract 600-RMC/GPK 5/3 (249/2020)

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
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