DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.17763

Enzymatic Interesterification of Crude Palm Oil with Methyl acetate: Effect of Pre-treatment, Enzyme’s Dosage and Stability

1School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia

2Biocatalysis & Biobased Material Tech (BBMT), Research Initiative Group (RIG), College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia

3Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia

4 Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Central Java, Indonesia

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Received: 26 Mar 2023; Revised: 10 Jul 2023; Accepted: 12 Jul 2023; Available online: 18 Jul 2023; Published: 20 Aug 2023.
Editor(s): Dmitry Yu. Murzin
Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Abstract

In the present study, biodiesel was produced via the enzymatic interesterification of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and methyl acetate within ultrasonic condition. In contrast to alcohol, methyl acetate as an acyl acceptor does not inhibit lipase activity and can create triacetin as a useful byproduct.  In this work, Immobilized lipase from Candida Antartica A (CaLA) was utilized as biocatalyst and the effect of using non-pretreated CPO and pre-treated CPO as feedstock were explored. The pre-treatment of CPO involves degumming with acid, washing with water, and bleaching. The enzymatic interesterification was conducted in three-neck flasks using an ultrasonic water bath at 45o C.  Few parameter effects on biodiesel production were also investigated, including the effect of molar ratio of CPO to methyl acetate, the effect amount of lipase, and the reusability of immobilized lipase (CaLA) in the interesterification reaction.  The highest average Biodiesel yield of 80.6% was obtained from pretreated CPO at a molar ratio of 1:9 with 100 mg (1% w/v) of Immobilized CaLA, after three hours of reaction. Further research on the reusability of immobilized CaLA revealed that the yield of biodiesel reduced significantly after the second run. The results of the present study also demonstrated that Immobilized CaLA performed well at low concentrations but had low stability, with productivity decreasing to 92% upon reuse after the initial run. In order to make Immobilized lipase economically viable, further research must be conducted to overcome its low stability in the reaction.

Keywords: Crude Palm Oil; Biodiesel; Candida Antartica Lipase A; enzyme

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Section: Original Research Articles
Language : EN
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